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Texas Drone Laws

Complete guide for commercial and recreational UAS operators

Moderate Regulatory Environment
1

State Overview

Texas maintains a moderate regulatory posture centered on drone surveillance privacy rather than flight restrictions. Texas Government Code Chapter 423, upheld by the Fifth Circuit in National Press Photographers Ass'n v. McCraw (2023), establishes detailed restrictions on image capture and operations over critical infrastructure, sports venues, and correctional facilities. The state preempts most local drone regulation, creating a simplified compliance landscape.

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State Drone Laws

Tex. Gov. Code § 423.002

Lawful Uses of Unmanned Aircraft

General

Lists approximately 25 lawful uses where drone surveillance restrictions do not apply, including professional research, pipeline inspection, utility operations, real estate marketing with owner consent, law enforcement operations under warrant, agricultural assessment, border security within 25 miles of US border, and public event imagery.

Effective: Jun 18, 2013N/A - Carve-out from restrictions
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.003

Unlawful Use of Unmanned Aircraft to Capture Image

Privacy

Prohibits using a drone to capture an image of an individual or privately owned real property with the intent to conduct surveillance. Applies unless the flight fits a lawful-use carve-out in § 423.002.

Effective: Jun 18, 2013Class C misdemeanor — fine up to $500
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.004

Possession, Display, Distribution, or Use of Surveillance Image

Privacy

Prohibits possessing, displaying, distributing, or using an image captured in violation of § 423.003.

Effective: Jun 18, 2013Possession: Class C misdemeanor, fine up to $500. Display, distribution, or use: Class B misdemeanor, up to 180 days jail and/or $2,000 fine
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0045

Prohibition on Operating Unmanned Aircraft Over Critical Infrastructure

Critical Infrastructure

Prohibits operating a drone at less than 400 feet AGL over critical-infrastructure facilities, which include petroleum refineries, chemical plants, electric power generating stations and substations, water treatment facilities, natural gas facilities, pipelines, telecommunications facilities, and certain animal-feeding operations. Flying at less than 400 feet or allowing a drone to make contact with such facilities is prohibited.

Effective: Jun 18, 2015Class B misdemeanor — up to 180 days jail and/or $2,000 fine. Repeat offense within one year: Class A misdemeanor — up to 1 year jail and/or $4,000 fine
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0046

Prohibition on Operating Unmanned Aircraft Over Sports Venues

General

Prohibits operating a drone at less than 400 feet AGL over any sports venue with seating capacity of 30,000 or more, including stadiums, arenas, racetracks, and coliseums. Applies to facilities such as AT&T Stadium (Arlington), NRG Stadium (Houston), Globe Life Field (Arlington), Kyle Field (College Station), and similar venues.

Effective: Jun 18, 2017Class B misdemeanor — up to 180 days jail and/or $2,000 fine
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0047

Prohibition on Operating Unmanned Aircraft Over Correctional, Detention, and Critical-Infrastructure Facilities

criminal

Prohibits operating a drone at less than 400 feet AGL over any correctional facility, detention facility, or critical-infrastructure facility. TDCJ units, county jails, and federal Bureau of Prisons facilities are in scope. Contraband delivery is a common violation.

Effective: Jun 18, 2017Class B misdemeanor — up to 180 days jail and/or $2,000 fine. Repeat offense within one year: Class A misdemeanor — up to 1 year jail and/or $4,000 fine. Contraband delivery may add felony exposure under Texas Penal Code § 38.11
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0075

Weaponization of Unmanned Aircraft

weapons

Prohibits equipping or arming a drone with a weapon, or using a drone to fire a weapon.

Effective: Jun 18, 2013State-jail felony — 180 days to 2 years imprisonment and/or fine up to $10,000
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.009

Regulation by Political Subdivisions (Preemption)

Preemption

Prohibits cities and counties from enacting their own drone regulations, except for drone operations during special events, on municipal property, or when the municipality itself uses drones (with FAA authorization and public hearing).

Effective: Sep 1, 2017N/A - Statutory preemption; local ordinances in violation are void and unenforceable
View source
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.006

Civil Liability for Unlawful Drone Image Capture

Privacy

Establishes civil liability for drone surveillance violations. Property owners may recover civil penalties of $5,000 for each captured image or $10,000 for each disclosed/distributed image, plus actual damages and attorney's fees if disclosed with malice.

Effective: Jun 18, 2013Civil: $5,000 per captured image; $10,000 per distributed image, plus actual damages
View source
Tex. Parks & Wildlife Code § 62.003

Hunting from Aircraft

hunting

Prohibits hunting any wild bird or wild animal from an aircraft or airborne device. Texas Parks & Wildlife Department interprets 'aircraft' to include drones. Using a drone to scout deer, herd wildlife, harass game, or perform post-harvest recovery is prohibited absent an Aerial Management Permit (AMP) and Land Owner Authorization (LOA).

Effective: Jan 1, 1991Class A misdemeanor — up to 1 year imprisonment and/or $4,000 fine
View source
Texas Administrative Code 31 § 59.134

Drone Operations in State Parks

General

Texas Parks & Wildlife Department requires prior written authorization from TPWD or the park superintendent to launch, land, or operate a drone within state park boundaries. Default is no permit; only Lake Whitney and San Angelo state parks have designated RC aircraft zones. Processing takes several weeks.

Effective: Jan 1, 2000Class C misdemeanor — fine up to $500, plus ejection from park
View source
Texas Administrative Code 31 § 65.152

Wildlife Management from Aircraft

hunting

Prohibits the use of drones to hunt, drive, capture, take, count, photograph, or otherwise manage wildlife and exotic animals. Exceptions apply only to operators with an official Aerial Management Permit (AMP) and written Land Owner Authorization (LOA). Special exception exists for nighttime feral hog location for lethal control.

Effective: Jan 1, 2005Class A misdemeanor — up to 1 year and/or $4,000 fine
View source
Tex. Penal Code § 21.15

Invasive Visual Recording

Privacy

Prohibits recording, photographing, or broadcasting a visual image of another person's intimate areas without consent. Applies to drone recordings and feeds.

Effective: Jan 1, 1995State-jail felony — 180 days to 2 years imprisonment and/or $10,000 fine
View source
Tex. Penal Code § 21.16

Unlawful Disclosure or Promotion of Intimate Visual Material

Privacy

Prohibits distributing intimate visual material of another person without consent.

Effective: Jan 1, 2015Class A misdemeanor — up to 1 year and/or $4,000 fine
View source
Tex. Penal Code § 42.07

Harassment

harassment

Prohibits conduct intended to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another, including repeated surveillance with a drone that would cause reasonable annoyance or alarm.

Effective: Jan 1, 1974Class B misdemeanor — up to 180 days and/or $2,000 fine
View source
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 98B

Civil Cause of Action for Intimate Visual Material

Privacy

Provides civil remedy for non-consensual disclosure of intimate visual material captured by any means, including drones.

Effective: Jan 1, 2015Civil liability for damages, including actual damages, court costs, and attorney's fees
View source
Senate Bill 1197

Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Over Spaceports

General

Prohibits operation of an unmanned aircraft over a spaceport, creating a criminal offense. Signed into law June 2025, effective September 1, 2025.

Effective: Sep 1, 2025Class B misdemeanor
View source
Senate Bill 2569

Reporting Requirement for Law Enforcement Drone Operations

Law Enforcement

Requires certain law enforcement agencies to report their use or operation of unmanned aircraft. Signed into law June 20, 2025, effective immediately.

Effective: Jun 20, 2025N/A - Reporting requirement
View source
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Local/Municipal Ordinances

Houston

city
City of Houston Parks & Recreation - Drone Prohibition

Prohibits drone takeoff and landing in all City of Houston parks without prior Parks & Recreation Department permit.

Restrictions

No drone launch or landing from Discovery Green, Hermann Park, Buffalo Bayou, Memorial Park, or any other city park without permit. Airspace above parks is federal and may be transited with valid airspace authorization.

View source

Harris County

county
Harris County Parks - Designated Drone Zones

Permits drone and model aircraft operations only in specifically designated park areas, with aircraft remaining within visual line of sight.

Restrictions

Drone operations allowed only in George Bush Park (Precinct 3), Dyess Park (Precinct 4, Cypress), and Schievely R/C Flying Field (Houston). Lake Houston Wilderness Area and Sheldon Lake Reservoir prohibit recreational drone flights. Lake Livingston State Park prohibits flights due to dam proximity.

View source

Dallas

city
Dallas Film Commission - Commercial Drone Operations

Commercial drone operations on Dallas city property require permit from Office of Special Events or Dallas Film Commission.

Restrictions

Commercial flights in city parks need prior permit. Dallas Love Field Class D and DFW Class B airspace require LAANC authorization.

View source

Austin

city
Austin Film Commission & Capitol Complex Drone Restrictions

Commercial drone filming on Austin city property requires Austin Film Commission permit. The Texas Capitol Complex is designated as a drone-restricted area for security reasons.

Restrictions

Capitol Complex no-fly zone enforced by Texas Department of Public Safety and State Preservation Board. Parks and Recreation requires prior approval for city park drone launches and landings.

View source

San Antonio

city
San Antonio Parks & Recreation - Drone Prohibition

Prohibits drone launch and landing in city parks without Parks & Recreation permit.

Restrictions

The River Walk is city-owned. Drone flights downtown face Class C airspace from San Antonio International and Stinson Municipal.

View source

Fort Worth

city
Fort Worth Parks & Recreation - Drone Authorization Required

Municipal code restricts drone operation in city parks without authorization.

Restrictions

Contact Fort Worth PARD before launch in city parks.

View source
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Penalty & Fine Schedule

Surveillance image capture by drone (§ 423.003)

ClassificationClass C Misdemeanor
FineUp to $500
ImprisonmentNone
EnforcementLocal police, Texas DPS

Applies when intent to conduct surveillance is proven. Lawful-use carve-outs in § 423.002 provide defense.

Possession, display, distribution, or use of surveillance image (§ 423.004)

ClassificationClass C Misdemeanor (possession); Class B Misdemeanor (display/distribution/use)
FineUp to $500 (Class C); up to $2,000 (Class B)
ImprisonmentNone (Class C); up to 180 days (Class B)
EnforcementLocal police, Texas DPS

Civil penalties also apply: $5,000–$10,000 per image

Operating drone below 400 ft over critical infrastructure (§ 423.0045)

ClassificationClass B Misdemeanor; Class A on repeat within one year
Fine$2,000 (Class B); $4,000 (Class A)
ImprisonmentUp to 180 days (Class B); up to 1 year (Class A)
EnforcementLocal police, Texas DPS, facility operators

Applies to refineries, chemical plants, power stations, water treatment, pipelines, telecom facilities.

Operating drone below 400 ft over sports venue with 30,000+ capacity (§ 423.0046)

ClassificationClass B Misdemeanor
FineUp to $2,000
ImprisonmentUp to 180 days
EnforcementLocal police, FAA (federal TFR concurrent)

Applies to AT&T Stadium, NRG Stadium, Kyle Field, etc. Runs parallel to federal 14 CFR § 99.7 TFR.

Operating drone below 400 ft over correctional/detention facility (§ 423.0047)

ClassificationClass B Misdemeanor; Class A on repeat within one year
Fine$2,000 (Class B); $4,000 (Class A)
ImprisonmentUp to 180 days (Class B); up to 1 year (Class A)
EnforcementTDCJ Office of Inspector General, local police, facility personnel

Contraband delivery adds felony exposure under Texas Penal Code § 38.11.

Weaponized drone (§ 423.0075)

ClassificationState-Jail Felony
FineUp to $10,000
Imprisonment180 days to 2 years
EnforcementTexas DPS, FBI, local police

Applies to drones equipped with or used to fire weapons.

Hunting or harassing wildlife from drone (Parks & Wildlife Code § 62.003)

ClassificationClass A Misdemeanor
FineUp to $4,000
ImprisonmentUp to 1 year
EnforcementTexas Parks & Wildlife game wardens

Exception: feral hog location at night for lethal control permitted.

State park flight without TPWD authorization (31 TAC § 59.134)

ClassificationClass C Misdemeanor
FineUp to $500
ImprisonmentNone
EnforcementTPWD park rangers, park superintendent

Default is no permit. Lake Whitney and San Angelo have designated RC aircraft zones. Processing takes several weeks.

Invasive visual recording (Penal Code § 21.15)

ClassificationState-Jail Felony
FineUp to $10,000
Imprisonment180 days to 2 years
EnforcementLocal police, Texas DPS

Applies to recording intimate areas without consent.

Federal stadium TFR violation (14 CFR § 99.7)

ClassificationFederal Civil/Criminal
FineUp to $75,000 civil penalty
ImprisonmentUp to 1 year federal
EnforcementFAA

Concurrent with state § 423.0046 violation. Applies to MLB, NFL, NCAA Division I football, major motor sports.

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Registration Requirements

State Registration

Not Required

State Permit

Not Required

State Insurance

Not Required

Texas does not require state-level drone registration. Federal FAA registration is required for any drone over 250 grams (0.55 pounds). Registration costs $5 and is valid for three years.

No state-level drone permit required beyond FAA Part 107 (commercial) or TRUST (recreational). Cities and counties cannot impose their own licensing requirements due to state preemption (Tex. Gov. Code § 423.009).

Drone liability insurance is not required by law, but most commercial clients require $1 million in coverage.

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Applicable Federal Regulations

FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate

Commercial drone operations in Texas require FAA Part 107 certification

Commercial pilots must pass a knowledge test ($175), maintain currency, and comply with all Part 107 operating rules. Part 107 does not override Texas state law restrictions on surveillance, critical infrastructure, or sports venues.

Recreational UAS Safety Test (TRUST)

Required for recreational drone operations

Free online test administered through FAA-approved providers. Mandatory for non-commercial fliers. Must carry proof of completion during flights.

Remote ID

Mandatory since March 16, 2024

All drones flown outdoors must broadcast identification, location, and altitude information unless operating inside an FAA-Recognized Identification Area (FRIA).

FAA Registration

Required for drones over 250 grams

Federal registration costs $5 and is valid for three years. Registration number must be visible on the aircraft. Texas does not impose additional state-level registration.

Stadium TFRs (14 CFR § 99.7)

Federal no-fly zones around major sports venues

3-nautical-mile radius around stadiums with 30,000+ seating capacity, one hour before to one hour after MLB, NFL, NCAA Division I football, and major motor-sport events. Runs parallel to Texas state law § 423.0046.

LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability)

Required authorization for flights in controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, surface E)

Available at 726 airports nationwide. Texas has extensive LAANC coverage at DFW, IAH, HOU, AUS, SAT. Authorization often available in near-real-time through approved UAS service suppliers.

National Park Service (36 CFR § 1.5)

NPS bans drone launches and landings on NPS land

Applies to Big Bend National Park, Padre Island National Seashore, Guadalupe Mountains, and Lake Meredith National Recreation Area. Different regulator from Texas Parks & Wildlife.

Federal Airborne Hunting Act (50 CFR 19.11(b)(2))

Prohibits use of aircraft to deploy fishing bait

Texas Parks & Wildlife clarified December 2025 that drone bait delivery is prohibited for both freshwater and saltwater fishing.

For complete federal regulations, see our Federal Regulations page.

Federal Preemption & Critical Infrastructure

Tex. Gov't Code § 423.0045Offense: Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Over Critical Infrastructure Facility

Penalty: Class B misdemeanor (Class A on subsequent conviction under § 423.0045 or § 423.0046)

FAA authorization carve-out: Yes

Covered categories

Petroleum or alumina refineryElectrical power generating facility, substation, switching station, or control centerChemical, polymer, or rubber manufacturing facilityWater intake or treatment facility, wastewater plant, or pump stationNatural gas compressor stationLiquid natural gas terminal or storage facilityTelecommunications central switching office or wireless infrastructurePort, railroad switching yard, or freight transportation facilityHigh-hazard dam (TCEQ designated)Concentrated animal feeding operationAboveground oil, gas, or chemical pipeline (fenced/marked)
Chapter 423 was upheld in part by the Fifth Circuit in NPPA v. McCraw (2024) on field-preemption and facial First Amendment grounds; the court explicitly preserved as-applied challenges.
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Airspace & LAANC

LAANC Coverage

Extensive LAANC coverage around major Texas airports including Dallas/Fort Worth International (DFW), Houston Bush Intercontinental (IAH), Houston Hobby (HOU), Austin-Bergstrom (AUS), and San Antonio International (SAT). Authorization is typically automatic and near-instant via DJI Fly, Aloft, or AirHub.

Major Airports

  • DFW — Dallas/Fort Worth International
  • IAH — Houston Bush Intercontinental
  • HOU — William P. Hobby (Houston)
  • AUS — Austin-Bergstrom
  • SAT — San Antonio International
  • DLA — Dallas Love Field
  • SSF — Stinson Municipal (San Antonio)

TFR Notice

Federal TFRs (Temporary Flight Restrictions) are common around major stadiums during events (AT&T Stadium Arlington, NRG Stadium Houston, Globe Life Field Arlington, Kyle Field College Station, Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium Austin). 3-nautical-mile radius, one hour before to one hour after. FIFA World Cup 2026 establishes extended no-drone zones around host stadiums and fan events (effective June 2026).

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Recent Enforcement Actions & News

Senate Bill 2569 Signed by Governor — Law Enforcement UAS Reporting

legislation

Texas Governor signed SB 2569 requiring law enforcement agencies to report their use and operation of unmanned aircraft. Effective immediately.

June 20, 2026Source

DPS Reminds Drone Operators to Follow FAA Restrictions Ahead of FIFA World Cup

news

Texas Department of Public Safety issued reminder to drone pilots ahead of 2026 FIFA World Cup scheduled in US host cities, emphasizing compliance with FAA restrictions and no-drone zones.

June 5, 2026Source

FAA Warns World Cup Drone Flyers: Fines Could Hit $100,000

regulatory change

FAA issued warnings that violations of drone restrictions during FIFA World Cup 2026 could result in fines reaching $100,000 and criminal penalties. No-drone zones established around stadiums, fan events, and base camps.

May 29, 2026Source

FAA Launches DETER Program to Speed Up Enforcement

regulatory change

FAA launched new DETER (Detect, Enforce, and Track Enforcement Response) program designed to accelerate drone enforcement actions and provide fast-track penalties for first-time offenders.

April 16, 2026Source

Senate Bill 1197 Effective — Spaceport No-Fly Restriction

legislation

Texas law prohibiting drone operations over spaceports became effective. Signed May 19, 2025.

September 1, 2025Source

Pending Legislation

HB 3662Placed on General State Calendar

Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Over School Facilities

Would create a criminal offense for operating an unmanned aircraft over a primary or secondary school instructional facility.

Last action: May 13, 2025

HB 676Left pending in committee

Use of Unmanned Aircraft to Locate and Retrieve Wounded or Killed Wildlife

Would allow use of drones to locate and retrieve wounded or killed wildlife, potentially creating exception to Parks & Wildlife Code § 62.003 prohibition.

Last action: March 20, 2025

HB 646Referred to Culture, Recreation & Tourism

Use of Unmanned Aircraft to Locate and Retrieve Wounded or Killed Wildlife

Similar to HB 676; would allow drone recovery of wounded or killed game animals.

Last action: March 5, 2025

HB 2916Referred to Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Criminal and Civil Liability for Disabling, Damaging, or Destroying Unmanned Aircraft

Would establish criminal and civil liability for persons who damage, disable, or destroy a drone.

Last action: March 19, 2025

HB 4436Referred to State Affairs

Certain Images Captured by Unmanned Aircraft for Purposes of News-Gathering

Would potentially create exception to surveillance privacy laws (§ 423.003) for journalists and news organizations capturing drone imagery.

Last action: April 2, 2025

SB 3010Referred to State Affairs

Certain Images Captured by Unmanned Aircraft for Purposes of News-Gathering

Senate companion to HB 4436; would create exception for news-gathering drone imagery.

Last action: April 7, 2025

HB 1236Referred to Delivery of Government Efficiency

Study on Electric Unmanned Aircraft Capable of Vertical Take-Off and Landing

Would authorize a study on electric eVTOL technology and facilities needed to develop this technology in Texas.

Last action: March 10, 2025

HB 3134Referred to Transportation

Advanced Air Mobility

Would regulate advanced air mobility operations, including eVTOL and other emerging aerial vehicles.

Last action: May 13, 2025

SB 1507Referred to Transportation

Advanced Air Mobility

Senate companion to HB 3134; would establish regulatory framework for advanced air mobility operations.

Last action: March 6, 2025

HB 4867Committee report sent to Calendars

Management of Wildlife and Exotic Animals from Aircraft

Would create criminal offense for management of wildlife and exotic animals from aircraft without proper authorization.

Last action: April 23, 2025

HB 1285Received from House, referred to Senate committees

Inspections by Railroad Commission Using Unmanned Aircraft

Would authorize the Railroad Commission of Texas to conduct inspections and examinations of oil and gas sites using unmanned aircraft.

Last action: May 20, 2025

HB 2521Referred to Transportation

Regulation of Vertiports

Would establish regulatory framework for vertiports (landing facilities for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft).

Last action: March 17, 2025

HCR 98Signed by Governor (concurrent resolution, not binding law)

Counter-UAS Technologies for Border Security

Urges Congress to enhance coordination among federal, state, and local authorities in deployment of Counter-UAS technologies for border security.

Last action: June 20, 2025

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University & College Drone Policies

InstitutionPolicy SummaryPermit RequiredContact
University of Texas at Austin

UT Austin requires all UAS operations on campus to be approved by the Office of Environmental Health & Safety. Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium operates a TFR during football games. Texas state law (Tex. Gov. Code § 423) applies to all drone surveillance on campus.

Restrictions: Prior EHS approval required. Stadium TFR enforced during athletic events. No flights over campus buildings or facilities without authorization. Texas privacy laws apply — surveillance restrictions in § 423.003 extend to UT property.

YesOffice of Environmental Health & Safety (EHS)
Texas A&M University

Texas A&M requires approval from the Division of Research Safety for all drone and UAS operations on campus. Kyle Field operates a TFR during football games. The university maintains an active UAS research program and aeronautics department.

Restrictions: Division of Research Safety approval required before any flight. Kyle Field TFR enforced during football events. No flights over campus buildings or crowds. Research and educational flights may qualify for streamlined approval.

YesDivision of Research Safety
Texas Tech University

Texas Tech requires coordination with campus police and risk management for all drone operations. Jones AT&T Stadium operates a TFR during football games.

Restrictions: Coordination with Office of Risk Management and Campus Police required. Stadium TFR enforced during athletic events. Visual line of sight mandatory.

YesOffice of Risk Management / Campus Police
University drone policies may change. Contact the institution directly to confirm current requirements before flying on campus.
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Last Updated

Last verified:

This page is automatically verified and updated weekly by our AI-powered legal research agent (v1.0.0). While we strive for accuracy, always verify critical information with official state sources.

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