Texas Drone Laws
Complete guide for commercial and recreational UAS operators
State Overview
Texas maintains a moderate regulatory posture centered on drone surveillance privacy rather than flight restrictions. Texas Government Code Chapter 423, upheld by the Fifth Circuit in National Press Photographers Ass'n v. McCraw (2023), establishes detailed restrictions on image capture and operations over critical infrastructure, sports venues, and correctional facilities. The state preempts most local drone regulation, creating a simplified compliance landscape.
State Drone Laws
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.002Lawful Uses of Unmanned Aircraft
Lists approximately 25 lawful uses where drone surveillance restrictions do not apply, including professional research, pipeline inspection, utility operations, real estate marketing with owner consent, law enforcement operations under warrant, agricultural assessment, border security within 25 miles of US border, and public event imagery.
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.003Unlawful Use of Unmanned Aircraft to Capture Image
Prohibits using a drone to capture an image of an individual or privately owned real property with the intent to conduct surveillance. Applies unless the flight fits a lawful-use carve-out in § 423.002.
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.004Possession, Display, Distribution, or Use of Surveillance Image
Prohibits possessing, displaying, distributing, or using an image captured in violation of § 423.003.
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0045Prohibition on Operating Unmanned Aircraft Over Critical Infrastructure
Prohibits operating a drone at less than 400 feet AGL over critical-infrastructure facilities, which include petroleum refineries, chemical plants, electric power generating stations and substations, water treatment facilities, natural gas facilities, pipelines, telecommunications facilities, and certain animal-feeding operations. Flying at less than 400 feet or allowing a drone to make contact with such facilities is prohibited.
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0046Prohibition on Operating Unmanned Aircraft Over Sports Venues
Prohibits operating a drone at less than 400 feet AGL over any sports venue with seating capacity of 30,000 or more, including stadiums, arenas, racetracks, and coliseums. Applies to facilities such as AT&T Stadium (Arlington), NRG Stadium (Houston), Globe Life Field (Arlington), Kyle Field (College Station), and similar venues.
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0047Prohibition on Operating Unmanned Aircraft Over Correctional, Detention, and Critical-Infrastructure Facilities
Prohibits operating a drone at less than 400 feet AGL over any correctional facility, detention facility, or critical-infrastructure facility. TDCJ units, county jails, and federal Bureau of Prisons facilities are in scope. Contraband delivery is a common violation.
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.0075Weaponization of Unmanned Aircraft
Prohibits equipping or arming a drone with a weapon, or using a drone to fire a weapon.
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.009Regulation by Political Subdivisions (Preemption)
Prohibits cities and counties from enacting their own drone regulations, except for drone operations during special events, on municipal property, or when the municipality itself uses drones (with FAA authorization and public hearing).
Tex. Gov. Code § 423.006Civil Liability for Unlawful Drone Image Capture
Establishes civil liability for drone surveillance violations. Property owners may recover civil penalties of $5,000 for each captured image or $10,000 for each disclosed/distributed image, plus actual damages and attorney's fees if disclosed with malice.
Tex. Parks & Wildlife Code § 62.003Hunting from Aircraft
Prohibits hunting any wild bird or wild animal from an aircraft or airborne device. Texas Parks & Wildlife Department interprets 'aircraft' to include drones. Using a drone to scout deer, herd wildlife, harass game, or perform post-harvest recovery is prohibited absent an Aerial Management Permit (AMP) and Land Owner Authorization (LOA).
Texas Administrative Code 31 § 59.134Drone Operations in State Parks
Texas Parks & Wildlife Department requires prior written authorization from TPWD or the park superintendent to launch, land, or operate a drone within state park boundaries. Default is no permit; only Lake Whitney and San Angelo state parks have designated RC aircraft zones. Processing takes several weeks.
Texas Administrative Code 31 § 65.152Wildlife Management from Aircraft
Prohibits the use of drones to hunt, drive, capture, take, count, photograph, or otherwise manage wildlife and exotic animals. Exceptions apply only to operators with an official Aerial Management Permit (AMP) and written Land Owner Authorization (LOA). Special exception exists for nighttime feral hog location for lethal control.
Tex. Penal Code § 21.15Invasive Visual Recording
Prohibits recording, photographing, or broadcasting a visual image of another person's intimate areas without consent. Applies to drone recordings and feeds.
Tex. Penal Code § 21.16Unlawful Disclosure or Promotion of Intimate Visual Material
Prohibits distributing intimate visual material of another person without consent.
Tex. Penal Code § 42.07Harassment
Prohibits conduct intended to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another, including repeated surveillance with a drone that would cause reasonable annoyance or alarm.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 98BCivil Cause of Action for Intimate Visual Material
Provides civil remedy for non-consensual disclosure of intimate visual material captured by any means, including drones.
Senate Bill 1197Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Over Spaceports
Prohibits operation of an unmanned aircraft over a spaceport, creating a criminal offense. Signed into law June 2025, effective September 1, 2025.
Senate Bill 2569Reporting Requirement for Law Enforcement Drone Operations
Requires certain law enforcement agencies to report their use or operation of unmanned aircraft. Signed into law June 20, 2025, effective immediately.
Local/Municipal Ordinances
Houston
cityCity of Houston Parks & Recreation - Drone Prohibition
Prohibits drone takeoff and landing in all City of Houston parks without prior Parks & Recreation Department permit.
Restrictions
No drone launch or landing from Discovery Green, Hermann Park, Buffalo Bayou, Memorial Park, or any other city park without permit. Airspace above parks is federal and may be transited with valid airspace authorization.
Harris County
countyHarris County Parks - Designated Drone Zones
Permits drone and model aircraft operations only in specifically designated park areas, with aircraft remaining within visual line of sight.
Restrictions
Drone operations allowed only in George Bush Park (Precinct 3), Dyess Park (Precinct 4, Cypress), and Schievely R/C Flying Field (Houston). Lake Houston Wilderness Area and Sheldon Lake Reservoir prohibit recreational drone flights. Lake Livingston State Park prohibits flights due to dam proximity.
Dallas
cityDallas Film Commission - Commercial Drone Operations
Commercial drone operations on Dallas city property require permit from Office of Special Events or Dallas Film Commission.
Restrictions
Commercial flights in city parks need prior permit. Dallas Love Field Class D and DFW Class B airspace require LAANC authorization.
Austin
cityAustin Film Commission & Capitol Complex Drone Restrictions
Commercial drone filming on Austin city property requires Austin Film Commission permit. The Texas Capitol Complex is designated as a drone-restricted area for security reasons.
Restrictions
Capitol Complex no-fly zone enforced by Texas Department of Public Safety and State Preservation Board. Parks and Recreation requires prior approval for city park drone launches and landings.
San Antonio
citySan Antonio Parks & Recreation - Drone Prohibition
Prohibits drone launch and landing in city parks without Parks & Recreation permit.
Restrictions
The River Walk is city-owned. Drone flights downtown face Class C airspace from San Antonio International and Stinson Municipal.
Fort Worth
cityFort Worth Parks & Recreation - Drone Authorization Required
Municipal code restricts drone operation in city parks without authorization.
Restrictions
Contact Fort Worth PARD before launch in city parks.
Penalty & Fine Schedule
| Violation | Classification | Fine Range | Imprisonment | Enforcement | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surveillance image capture by drone (§ 423.003) | Class C Misdemeanor | Up to $500 | None | Local police, Texas DPS | Applies when intent to conduct surveillance is proven. Lawful-use carve-outs in § 423.002 provide defense. |
| Possession, display, distribution, or use of surveillance image (§ 423.004) | Class C Misdemeanor (possession); Class B Misdemeanor (display/distribution/use) | Up to $500 (Class C); up to $2,000 (Class B) | None (Class C); up to 180 days (Class B) | Local police, Texas DPS | Civil penalties also apply: $5,000–$10,000 per image |
| Operating drone below 400 ft over critical infrastructure (§ 423.0045) | Class B Misdemeanor; Class A on repeat within one year | $2,000 (Class B); $4,000 (Class A) | Up to 180 days (Class B); up to 1 year (Class A) | Local police, Texas DPS, facility operators | Applies to refineries, chemical plants, power stations, water treatment, pipelines, telecom facilities. |
| Operating drone below 400 ft over sports venue with 30,000+ capacity (§ 423.0046) | Class B Misdemeanor | Up to $2,000 | Up to 180 days | Local police, FAA (federal TFR concurrent) | Applies to AT&T Stadium, NRG Stadium, Kyle Field, etc. Runs parallel to federal 14 CFR § 99.7 TFR. |
| Operating drone below 400 ft over correctional/detention facility (§ 423.0047) | Class B Misdemeanor; Class A on repeat within one year | $2,000 (Class B); $4,000 (Class A) | Up to 180 days (Class B); up to 1 year (Class A) | TDCJ Office of Inspector General, local police, facility personnel | Contraband delivery adds felony exposure under Texas Penal Code § 38.11. |
| Weaponized drone (§ 423.0075) | State-Jail Felony | Up to $10,000 | 180 days to 2 years | Texas DPS, FBI, local police | Applies to drones equipped with or used to fire weapons. |
| Hunting or harassing wildlife from drone (Parks & Wildlife Code § 62.003) | Class A Misdemeanor | Up to $4,000 | Up to 1 year | Texas Parks & Wildlife game wardens | Exception: feral hog location at night for lethal control permitted. |
| State park flight without TPWD authorization (31 TAC § 59.134) | Class C Misdemeanor | Up to $500 | None | TPWD park rangers, park superintendent | Default is no permit. Lake Whitney and San Angelo have designated RC aircraft zones. Processing takes several weeks. |
| Invasive visual recording (Penal Code § 21.15) | State-Jail Felony | Up to $10,000 | 180 days to 2 years | Local police, Texas DPS | Applies to recording intimate areas without consent. |
| Federal stadium TFR violation (14 CFR § 99.7) | Federal Civil/Criminal | Up to $75,000 civil penalty | Up to 1 year federal | FAA | Concurrent with state § 423.0046 violation. Applies to MLB, NFL, NCAA Division I football, major motor sports. |
Surveillance image capture by drone (§ 423.003)
Applies when intent to conduct surveillance is proven. Lawful-use carve-outs in § 423.002 provide defense.
Possession, display, distribution, or use of surveillance image (§ 423.004)
Civil penalties also apply: $5,000–$10,000 per image
Operating drone below 400 ft over critical infrastructure (§ 423.0045)
Applies to refineries, chemical plants, power stations, water treatment, pipelines, telecom facilities.
Operating drone below 400 ft over sports venue with 30,000+ capacity (§ 423.0046)
Applies to AT&T Stadium, NRG Stadium, Kyle Field, etc. Runs parallel to federal 14 CFR § 99.7 TFR.
Operating drone below 400 ft over correctional/detention facility (§ 423.0047)
Contraband delivery adds felony exposure under Texas Penal Code § 38.11.
Weaponized drone (§ 423.0075)
Applies to drones equipped with or used to fire weapons.
Hunting or harassing wildlife from drone (Parks & Wildlife Code § 62.003)
Exception: feral hog location at night for lethal control permitted.
State park flight without TPWD authorization (31 TAC § 59.134)
Default is no permit. Lake Whitney and San Angelo have designated RC aircraft zones. Processing takes several weeks.
Invasive visual recording (Penal Code § 21.15)
Applies to recording intimate areas without consent.
Federal stadium TFR violation (14 CFR § 99.7)
Concurrent with state § 423.0046 violation. Applies to MLB, NFL, NCAA Division I football, major motor sports.
Registration Requirements
State Registration
Not Required
State Permit
Not Required
State Insurance
Not Required
Texas does not require state-level drone registration. Federal FAA registration is required for any drone over 250 grams (0.55 pounds). Registration costs $5 and is valid for three years.
No state-level drone permit required beyond FAA Part 107 (commercial) or TRUST (recreational). Cities and counties cannot impose their own licensing requirements due to state preemption (Tex. Gov. Code § 423.009).
Drone liability insurance is not required by law, but most commercial clients require $1 million in coverage.
Applicable Federal Regulations
FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate
Commercial drone operations in Texas require FAA Part 107 certification
Commercial pilots must pass a knowledge test ($175), maintain currency, and comply with all Part 107 operating rules. Part 107 does not override Texas state law restrictions on surveillance, critical infrastructure, or sports venues.
Recreational UAS Safety Test (TRUST)
Required for recreational drone operations
Free online test administered through FAA-approved providers. Mandatory for non-commercial fliers. Must carry proof of completion during flights.
Remote ID
Mandatory since March 16, 2024
All drones flown outdoors must broadcast identification, location, and altitude information unless operating inside an FAA-Recognized Identification Area (FRIA).
FAA Registration
Required for drones over 250 grams
Federal registration costs $5 and is valid for three years. Registration number must be visible on the aircraft. Texas does not impose additional state-level registration.
Stadium TFRs (14 CFR § 99.7)
Federal no-fly zones around major sports venues
3-nautical-mile radius around stadiums with 30,000+ seating capacity, one hour before to one hour after MLB, NFL, NCAA Division I football, and major motor-sport events. Runs parallel to Texas state law § 423.0046.
LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability)
Required authorization for flights in controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, surface E)
Available at 726 airports nationwide. Texas has extensive LAANC coverage at DFW, IAH, HOU, AUS, SAT. Authorization often available in near-real-time through approved UAS service suppliers.
National Park Service (36 CFR § 1.5)
NPS bans drone launches and landings on NPS land
Applies to Big Bend National Park, Padre Island National Seashore, Guadalupe Mountains, and Lake Meredith National Recreation Area. Different regulator from Texas Parks & Wildlife.
Federal Airborne Hunting Act (50 CFR 19.11(b)(2))
Prohibits use of aircraft to deploy fishing bait
Texas Parks & Wildlife clarified December 2025 that drone bait delivery is prohibited for both freshwater and saltwater fishing.
For complete federal regulations, see our Federal Regulations page.
Federal Preemption & Critical Infrastructure
Tex. Gov't Code § 423.0045 — Offense: Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Over Critical Infrastructure Facility
Penalty: Class B misdemeanor (Class A on subsequent conviction under § 423.0045 or § 423.0046)
FAA authorization carve-out: Yes
Covered categories
Chapter 423 was upheld in part by the Fifth Circuit in NPPA v. McCraw (2024) on field-preemption and facial First Amendment grounds; the court explicitly preserved as-applied challenges.
Airspace & LAANC
LAANC Coverage
Extensive LAANC coverage around major Texas airports including Dallas/Fort Worth International (DFW), Houston Bush Intercontinental (IAH), Houston Hobby (HOU), Austin-Bergstrom (AUS), and San Antonio International (SAT). Authorization is typically automatic and near-instant via DJI Fly, Aloft, or AirHub.
Major Airports
DFW — Dallas/Fort Worth InternationalIAH — Houston Bush IntercontinentalHOU — William P. Hobby (Houston)AUS — Austin-BergstromSAT — San Antonio InternationalDLA — Dallas Love FieldSSF — Stinson Municipal (San Antonio)
TFR Notice
Federal TFRs (Temporary Flight Restrictions) are common around major stadiums during events (AT&T Stadium Arlington, NRG Stadium Houston, Globe Life Field Arlington, Kyle Field College Station, Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium Austin). 3-nautical-mile radius, one hour before to one hour after. FIFA World Cup 2026 establishes extended no-drone zones around host stadiums and fan events (effective June 2026).
Recent Enforcement Actions & News
Senate Bill 2569 Signed by Governor — Law Enforcement UAS Reporting
legislationTexas Governor signed SB 2569 requiring law enforcement agencies to report their use and operation of unmanned aircraft. Effective immediately.
DPS Reminds Drone Operators to Follow FAA Restrictions Ahead of FIFA World Cup
newsTexas Department of Public Safety issued reminder to drone pilots ahead of 2026 FIFA World Cup scheduled in US host cities, emphasizing compliance with FAA restrictions and no-drone zones.
FAA Warns World Cup Drone Flyers: Fines Could Hit $100,000
regulatory changeFAA issued warnings that violations of drone restrictions during FIFA World Cup 2026 could result in fines reaching $100,000 and criminal penalties. No-drone zones established around stadiums, fan events, and base camps.
FAA Launches DETER Program to Speed Up Enforcement
regulatory changeFAA launched new DETER (Detect, Enforce, and Track Enforcement Response) program designed to accelerate drone enforcement actions and provide fast-track penalties for first-time offenders.
Senate Bill 1197 Effective — Spaceport No-Fly Restriction
legislationTexas law prohibiting drone operations over spaceports became effective. Signed May 19, 2025.
Pending Legislation
HB 3662Placed on General State CalendarOperation of Unmanned Aircraft Over School Facilities
Would create a criminal offense for operating an unmanned aircraft over a primary or secondary school instructional facility.
Last action: May 13, 2025
HB 676Left pending in committeeUse of Unmanned Aircraft to Locate and Retrieve Wounded or Killed Wildlife
Would allow use of drones to locate and retrieve wounded or killed wildlife, potentially creating exception to Parks & Wildlife Code § 62.003 prohibition.
Last action: March 20, 2025
HB 646Referred to Culture, Recreation & TourismUse of Unmanned Aircraft to Locate and Retrieve Wounded or Killed Wildlife
Similar to HB 676; would allow drone recovery of wounded or killed game animals.
Last action: March 5, 2025
HB 2916Referred to Judiciary & Civil JurisprudenceCriminal and Civil Liability for Disabling, Damaging, or Destroying Unmanned Aircraft
Would establish criminal and civil liability for persons who damage, disable, or destroy a drone.
Last action: March 19, 2025
HB 4436Referred to State AffairsCertain Images Captured by Unmanned Aircraft for Purposes of News-Gathering
Would potentially create exception to surveillance privacy laws (§ 423.003) for journalists and news organizations capturing drone imagery.
Last action: April 2, 2025
SB 3010Referred to State AffairsCertain Images Captured by Unmanned Aircraft for Purposes of News-Gathering
Senate companion to HB 4436; would create exception for news-gathering drone imagery.
Last action: April 7, 2025
HB 1236Referred to Delivery of Government EfficiencyStudy on Electric Unmanned Aircraft Capable of Vertical Take-Off and Landing
Would authorize a study on electric eVTOL technology and facilities needed to develop this technology in Texas.
Last action: March 10, 2025
HB 3134Referred to TransportationAdvanced Air Mobility
Would regulate advanced air mobility operations, including eVTOL and other emerging aerial vehicles.
Last action: May 13, 2025
SB 1507Referred to TransportationAdvanced Air Mobility
Senate companion to HB 3134; would establish regulatory framework for advanced air mobility operations.
Last action: March 6, 2025
HB 4867Committee report sent to CalendarsManagement of Wildlife and Exotic Animals from Aircraft
Would create criminal offense for management of wildlife and exotic animals from aircraft without proper authorization.
Last action: April 23, 2025
HB 1285Received from House, referred to Senate committeesInspections by Railroad Commission Using Unmanned Aircraft
Would authorize the Railroad Commission of Texas to conduct inspections and examinations of oil and gas sites using unmanned aircraft.
Last action: May 20, 2025
HB 2521Referred to TransportationRegulation of Vertiports
Would establish regulatory framework for vertiports (landing facilities for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft).
Last action: March 17, 2025
HCR 98Signed by Governor (concurrent resolution, not binding law)Counter-UAS Technologies for Border Security
Urges Congress to enhance coordination among federal, state, and local authorities in deployment of Counter-UAS technologies for border security.
Last action: June 20, 2025
University & College Drone Policies
| Institution | Policy Summary | Permit Required | Contact |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Texas at Austin | UT Austin requires all UAS operations on campus to be approved by the Office of Environmental Health & Safety. Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium operates a TFR during football games. Texas state law (Tex. Gov. Code § 423) applies to all drone surveillance on campus. Restrictions: Prior EHS approval required. Stadium TFR enforced during athletic events. No flights over campus buildings or facilities without authorization. Texas privacy laws apply — surveillance restrictions in § 423.003 extend to UT property. | Yes | Office of Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) |
| Texas A&M University | Texas A&M requires approval from the Division of Research Safety for all drone and UAS operations on campus. Kyle Field operates a TFR during football games. The university maintains an active UAS research program and aeronautics department. Restrictions: Division of Research Safety approval required before any flight. Kyle Field TFR enforced during football events. No flights over campus buildings or crowds. Research and educational flights may qualify for streamlined approval. | Yes | Division of Research Safety |
| Texas Tech University | Texas Tech requires coordination with campus police and risk management for all drone operations. Jones AT&T Stadium operates a TFR during football games. Restrictions: Coordination with Office of Risk Management and Campus Police required. Stadium TFR enforced during athletic events. Visual line of sight mandatory. | Yes | Office of Risk Management / Campus Police |
Last Updated
This page is automatically verified and updated weekly by our AI-powered legal research agent (v1.0.0). While we strive for accuracy, always verify critical information with official state sources.
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